Effective Communication at the Workplace Essay

Correspondence is the trade and stream of data and thoughts starting with one individual then onto the next. There are a wide range of purposes behind why individuals convey, we need correspondence to communicate our necessities and affections for instance a child can't converse with us and mention to us what he/she needs so all things considered he/she would start to cry to tell us that he/she is expected for a feed. Another model would be if an associate was feeling the loss of her breaks on the grounds that there was a staff deficiency and she was cross about this, she would then converse with her boss and clarify her purposes behind being cross. Correspondence is significant in a work environment setting since individuals must collaborate with each other in manners that will take care of business as fast and successfully as could be expected under the circumstances (eNotes. (2013), study more intelligent). Peruse more: Identify the various reasons individuals communicateâ essay Correspondence is additionally critical to have the option to manufacture new connections, with that being with the staff or youngsters, if for instance there was a battle in the play area which prompted a portion of the kids dropping out then the staff could organize a group building exercises, to enable the kids to become companions once more. Another model would be the point at which the kids have quite recently begun school or nursery, the staff could sit all the youngsters around and get them to state their names promotion one thing they like doing, so the kids know about other people who like to do likewise as them. Correspondence is additionally critical to have the option to give and get data, this could be as straightforward as sending a letter home with a youngster to enlighten their folks regarding an imminent occasion, similar to a guardians evening or if there was an episode in school that the guardians of the kid would should know off. Or then again to orchestrate after school clubs for kids and the guardians to have the option to security more. Correspondence is additionally significant when we need to share are contemplations and thoughts, for instance if in nursery the staff could give the youngsters a bit of paper to record what they need to accomplish a greater amount of then the staff could make a movement dependent on the children’s thoughts. Another model would be if the staff of a setting needed to include the guardians in after school exercises then they could send home an inquiry to pose to the guardians what they would appreciate doing. Correspondence is likewise significant the have the option to confirm each other, Affirmation is an announcement of a constructive outcome (k.Hoban - 2006) this is a decent kind of correspondence as it additionally helps the child’s advancement. You can utilize attestation to cause somebody to feel better about something they’ve done. For instance a multi month year old infant has recently said da,da for the main the guardians would commend the kid by getting them and embracing them and grinning. Another model would be a straightforward high five if a small kid is accomplishing something right like they have recently completed a jigsaw or been to can when they expected to go. 1.2 Explain how correspondence influences relationship in the work setting. So as to work viably with youngsters, youngsters and their families, thus that we can get ready for and address their issues so as to do this we need great relational abilities. Specialists who have great relational abilities are probably going to have more grounded associations with kids and their folks. This is on the grounds that connections are impacted by the non-verbal communication, outward appearance and manners by which others tune in and converse with you. (Tassoni,2012) Without correspondence in the work environment there would be nothing but bad connections, without connections I the working environment there will be no trust so any connections would separate prompting strife and the staff conceivably leaving an awful effect on the kids. Likewise people groups characters can influence connections in the work environment on the grounds that for instance say somebody has an extremely bubbly characters, and another person is very timid then that may be scaring implying that the modest individual might not have any desire to communicate any thoughts they have, prompting them not being as included as they might want to be. With great relational abilities we will find that individuals will have to a greater degree an uplifting demeanor which will cause others to be increasingly positive around them, making a positive vibe all through the work environment, it can likewise prompt more grounded collaboration which will construct trust, And then with the kids in the event that you show that you give it a second thought, for instance simply tuning in to them talk, at that point the youngster will feel increasingly connected to you meaning they will come to you with any worries.

Public Administration Degree and Career Options

Open Administration Degree and Career Options What Is a Public Administration Degree? An open organization degree is a scholastic degree granted to understudies who have finished a postsecondary school, college, or business college program with an attention on open organization. The investigation of open organization ordinarily incorporates an assessment of government association, arrangements, and projects. Understudies may likewise examine government dynamic and the conduct of chose and non-chose authorities. Kinds of Public Administration Degrees Understudies who major in open organization have various degree alternatives accessible to them. The most mainstream degree choices include: Lone wolves Degree - A lone rangers degree in open organization, business organization, the executives, or political theory can assist graduates with getting passage level situations in the open organization field. Unhitched males programs ordinarily take four years of full-time study to finish. In any case, quickened and low maintenance programs are likewise available.Masters Degree - A bosses degree with an emphasis on open organization, open strategy, or a related subject is the following stage for understudies who have earned an unhitched males degree. Understudies may decide to win a Master of Business Administration (MBA) with an attention on open organization or the executives or a Master of Public Administration (MPA), which is what could be compared to a MBA in the open organization field. A few understudies may likewise decide to seek after a Master of Public Policy (MPP), which centers around breaking down and illuminating open approach issues. Experts, MBA, MPA, and MPP p rograms as a rule take two years to finish. One-year and low maintenance programs are likewise accessible. Doctorate Degree - The two most exceptional degrees in open organization are the Doctor of Public Administration and the Ph.D. in Public Administration. Both are examine degrees with an emphasis on the act of open organization. The measure of time it may take to finish a propelled examine program changes relying upon the school you pick. Picking a Public Administration Degree Program There are a wide range of schools that offer an open organization degree. While picking a program, you ought to think about rankings (U.S. News and World Report offers a rundown of the best open undertakings schools) just as school size, staff, educational plan, cost, area, and profession situation. Here are 8 hints for picking a MPA School. NASPAA Accreditation Accreditation is consistently significant while picking a school. Authorize programs have been assessed for quality. A wide range of organizations certify schools. One association, the NASPAA, centers explicitly around open organization accreditation. NASPAAs Commission on Peer Review and Accreditation is considered the approved accreditor of graduate-level open organization programs in the United States.â Open AdministrationCareer Options There are a wide range of profession ways accessible to understudies who have earned an open organization degree. Most of graduates take open assistance occupations. They may work in neighborhood government, state government, or government. Positions are likewise accessible in non-benefit organization and the board. Other employment choices incorporate professions with free or government organizations, for example, the U.S. Private venture Administration, or positions with business and social insurance associations. Another vocation way includes governmental issues. Graduates can pursue political position or offer political help through campaigning and crusade the executives. Regular occupation titles for open organization graduates incorporate Spending AnalystCity ManagerCounty ClerkLegislative SupportLobbyistNon-benefit ManagerPolicy AnalystPolicy ConsultantPolitical ScientistProgram ManagerSocial Services AdministratorSocial Worker Get familiar with Earning a Public Administration Degree Snap on the connections underneath to study procuring an open organization degree and working in the open organization field. ASPA - The American Society for Public Administration is an expert relationship for open organization. They center around propelling investigation and practice of open and non-benefit organization. You can see different distributions on the ASPA site and study understudy openings and professions in open organization.

Drone Attacks in Counterterrorism

Drone Attacks in Counterterrorism Drone Attacks in Counterterrorism Home›Technology Posts›Drone Attacks in Counterterrorism Technology PostsIntroductionDrones are diminutive, unmanned airplanes that transmit real-time film of stationary and moving targets. These aircrafts have been known to support other activities undertaken by governments such as drug interdictions and hostage release efforts and backing. Drones however, have been known to also combat against terrorists. This is a strategy that may save manpower and prevent endangering harm or deaths to the troops activating the drone.Drone use in Attacks to Curb TerrorismDrones are weapons that are utilized in battles and they fire projectiles that have the ability to impose extreme damage. Drones are only allowed by law to be used within combat zones and their use in battlefields alone is the most significant single regulation that governs their utilization. Drone technology was originally utilized by the U.S. in the year 2001 in Afghanistan region (Kolodkin , 2011). Attacks using drones since then have risen significantly in different regions in the globe. Most of these attacks have taken place and targeted individuals or groups linked to terrorismDrones have been utilized more by the military for target observation and investigation. Today’s drone is a machine or robot that is utilized for assignments believed too risky or inappropriate for human beings. The U.S. is affected most by terrorism attacks, making it to utilize drones in fighting against terrorism.   As a result the U.S. has put in place drones that can stay in the sky up to 24 hours and are able to be managed from   anywhere in the globe; they can even be operated for lengthened time on their own. Drones have been preferred for terrorism attacks as they spare the lives of civilians depending on the fact that the attacks are carried out in battle restricted regions (Kolodkin, 2011).The U.S. has utilized drones to undertake objective killings of terrorist operators oversea s for example, Iraq, Yemen, Somalia and Afghanistan (Kolodkin, 2011). Drones have been very effective and successful strategy of dealing with terrorism. However, drones have been criticized as being counterproductive, reason being that most individuals killed in the drone attacks have been civilians. Up to now, about 70 drone assaults have been carried out on Pakistanis and have murdered more than 600 lives. Most of those aimed were at Al-Qaeda rebels of typically of Arabs and other alien militants.The use of drones by the U.S. has come with success because it has led to utilizing more machines than human troops to undertake the attacks. This has led to releasing more manpower and reserves in pursuing terrorists wanted for terrorism acts. This has led to many individuals for example, policymakers, officials and political analysts to say that the approach has illustrated signs of success. The drawdown of multitudes in most of the steady countries such as Iraq, is an element of the re ason for the rise in drone hits (Kolodkin, 2011). The military at a time solely relied on these robots to wash out insurgents; maintenance troops in combat and aid shun roadside bombs.Countries use drones to keep their countries safe from terrorists and terrorism acts that cause damage to property and death of innocent individuals. These countries have every right to use the drone technology and related advancements to keep their people safe. They can utilize the drones and avoid endangering their own troops by physically going into battle and killing the terrorists themselves because this does not guarantee their safety from attacks from the terrorist groups and individuals.ConclusionDrone use should be encouraged and used by nations on terrorist and terrorist groups because they need to protect their country and people from any harm but at the same time, I believe this should be undertaken with strict trail and in accordance with the regulation of using drones only in battlefield. This will prevent deaths of innocent individuals who might be caught in the middle of the drone attack carried out in areas that are not specified as battlefields.

How Empress Agrippina the Younger Scandalized Rome

Roman Empress Julia Agrippina, also known as Agrippina the Younger, lived from A.D. 15 to 59. The daughter of Germanicus Caesar and Vipsania Agrippina, Julia Agrippina was the sister of Emperor Caligula or Gaius. Her influential family members made Agrippina the Younger a force to be reckoned with, but her life was plagued by controversy and she would die in a scandalous manner as well. Marriage Woes In A.D. 28, Agrippina married Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus. He died in A.D. 40, but before his death, Agrippina bore him a son, the now notorious Emperor Nero. After a short time as a widow, she married her second husband, Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, in A.D. 41, only to be accused of fatally poisoning him eight years later. That same year, A.D. 49, Julia Agrippina married her uncle, Emperor Claudius. The union may not have been the first time Agrippina was involved in an incestuous relationship. She is also rumored to have had sexual relations with Caligula when he served as emperor. Historical sources on Agrippina the Younger include Tacitus, Suetonius, and  Dio Cassius. Historians indicated that Agrippina and Caligula might have been lovers as well as enemies, with Caligula exiling his sister from Rome for allegedly conspiring against him. She wasn’t banished forever but returned to Rome two years later. Thirst for Power It’s unlikely that Julia Agrippina, described as power hungry, married Claudius for love.  A year after they wed, she persuaded Claudius to adopt her son, Nero, as his heir. He agreed, but that proved to be a fatal move. Early historians argued that Agrippina poisoned Claudius. She certainly profited after his death, as it led to Nero, then roughly 16 or 17 years old, assuming power, with Julia Agrippina as regent and Augusta, an honorary title given to women in imperial families to highlight their status and influence. Unexpected Turn of Events Under Nero’s reign, Agrippina did not end up exerting more influence over the Roman Empire. Instead, her power waned. Because of her son’s young age, Agrippina tried to rule on his behalf, but events did not turn out as she’d planned. Nero eventually exiled Agrippina. He is said to have considered his mother overbearing and wanted to distance himself from her. Their relationship grew especially strained when she objected to his romance with his friend’s wife, Poppaea Sabina. His mother also challenged his right to rule, arguing that her stepson Brittanicus was the real heir to the throne, the History Channel notes. Brittanicus later died in mysterious circumstances likely orchestrated by Nero. The young emperor also plotted to kill his mother by arranging for her to board a boat designed to sink, but that ploy failed when Agrippina swam safely back to shore. Still determined to commit matricide, Nero later ordered his mother to be assassinated in her home. Nero would rule Rome until his suicide in A.D. 68. Debauchery and religious persecution characterized his reign.   Sources https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julia-Agrippina http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/nero

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Lic of India Free Essays

India’s Leading BFSI Companies 2008 Life Insurance Corporation of India Yogakeshema, Jeevan Bima Marg, P. B. No. We will write a custom essay sample on Lic of India or any similar topic only for you Order Now 19953, Mumbai – 400021, Maharashtra Tel: 91 22 66598547; Fax: 91 22 22817253; Email: co_hrdod@licindia. com; Website: www. licindia. com History Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) was formed in Sep 1956 after the Parliament of India passed the Life Insurance Corporation Act in Jun 1956. The company was created with the objective of spreading life insurance more widely, especially to reach all the insurable people in the rural areas and provide them with adequate financial cover at a reasonable cost. Apart from its corporate office, LIC had five zonal offices, 33 divisional offices and 212 branch offices in 1956. The nature of life insurance contracts being long-term coupled with the need to provide a variety of services during the term of the policy, LIC re-organised itself by opening a number of new branch offices. After its re-organisation, servicing functions were transferred to branches which were converted to accounting units. other cities. LIC has also launched Satellite Sampark offices in order to provide easy access to its policy holders. The company had 340 such offices as on Mar 2008. LIC also provides housing finance through LICHFL. It has also formed an asset management company known as LICMF AMC. The corporation has also extended its operations to the international arena; through various JVs and subsidiaries it operates in as many as nine countries. T S Vijayan Chairman DB D-U-N-S ® 65-005-6716 IRDA Registration No Business Segment Life Insurance Key Information (As on Mar 2007) Total Income (Rs mn) NPE (Rs mn) Policy Holders Branches Employees Agents No of Policies Issued No of Claims Received No of Claims Settled Solvency Ratio (%) Management Chairman T S Vijayan Managing Directors D K Mehrotra Thomas Mathew T A K Dasgupta 1,744,405. 7 1,277,822. 6 212. 6 2,048 113,710 1,103,047 38,229,292 13,257,345 13,258,205 1. 50 512 Products Services LIC offers a wide array of insurance products to its customers such as insurance plans, pension plans, unit-linked plans, special plans and group scheme. During FY08, the company introduced certain new products such as Profit Plus, Fortune Plus, Jeevan Akshay, Jeevan Amrit Amulya Jeevan. As of Mar 2007, total number of agents of the company stood at 1. 1 mn while the total number of policies issued was 38. 2 mn. The premium earned by the company reported a growth of 41% in FY07 when compared to the previous year. During the year, the company insured 34. 28 mn individuals for the first time, taking the ratio of first insurance to total business to 89. 61% for number of policies. Operations As on Mar 2008, LIC had 2,048 fully computerised branch offices, 109 divisional offices, eight zonal offices apart from its corporate office. LIC’s network connects all the branches through wide area network. The company also has tie-ups with certain banks and service providers to offer on-line premium collection facility in select cities. Besides, ECS and ATM premium payment facility to its customers, the company has also commissioned IVRS and information centres at Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, New Delhi, Pune, amongst Key Highlights †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 97. 11%ofmaturityclaimsaresettledonorbeforetheduedate. InFY08,LIChassettledover13. 9mnclaims,amountingtoRs372. 06bn. ThetotallifefundofLICstoodatRs6866. 16bnasonMar31,2008. ThetotalnumberofIn-Forcepolicieswasover233mnasonMar31,2008. AsonMar31,2008,LIC’stotalassetsvaluedatRs8038. 2bn. TotalincomeincreasedtoRs2063. 6bnbytheendofFY08,showingagrowth rate of 18. 3%. 137 How to cite Lic of India, Papers

Human Resource Practice Management

Questions: 1. Produce an outline of a half-day training programme (off-the-job) focusing on customer care first and employee values at the heart of excellent customer service? The half-day programme should include relevance to training needs analysis, your key targeted aims, learning objectives, outcomes, timings, activities, assessment and a training feedback evaluation form. 2. Explore and produce at least three on-the-job training initiatives, and show how they ensure transfer of learning takes place and help improve the business?3. Explain and provide reasons on your chosen method and type of learning and development programme by focus on the following points? I. Explain why learning theory and styles are an important part of this process?II. What are the key advantages and disadvantages of the training and development methods you have proposed?III. Provide the process in how you will evaluate the training programme and who needs to be involved? Answers: A. Objective of the Half Day Training Program Outcomes of the Half Day training program Timings Activities Assessment The company has been planning to do a training program focusing on customer care first and the employee values at the heart of excellent customer service (Armstrong 2009) The employees must focus on the customer care at first and thus the employees are required to enhance their provided service to them. The feedback from the customers after conduction of the half day training program will evaluate the outcome of the training program (Beardwell and Claydon 2010) The company must arrange the training program at a convenient place as well as time. As the company has 30 stores nationally, it is important to arrange the meeting in a convincing way (Boxall and Purcell 2011) Proper demonstration of the training objective, power point presentation and a small question-answer round must be included in the training process The provided service to the customers and their feedback will assess the success of the training program. The customers would be requested to give feedback on perceived service from any of the One Pound Opium stores and based on the feedback, the assessment would be done Bradford (2012) has said that a systematic approach to a training program is comprised of some of the systematic steps that come one after another. Bradford (2012) has described this as a rational approach that tends to start from identifying the goal and the aim of the association and after some definite stages, it concludes at the implementation of the exercise programs (Baxter et al. 2013). Therefore, in this case, it is important to plan a training event for One Pound Emporium Company. First Stage: Aim of the Company The aim of the One Pound Emporium Company is to have a dominating market position in the marketplace with the help of the innovative and the capable advertising and the price minimization process. To attain the aim of the company, the organization wants to create a wide-ranging manufactured goods line as well as the successful cost manufacture (Callahan 2012). Second Stage: Setting up the Training Requirements In this particular phase, the Corporation, One Pound Emporium has identified that the production worker, as well as the marketing agent, must be more efficient. If they are not efficient enough, it is hard for the company to achieve the organizational goal (BPP Learning Media 2010). Therefore, the top management of One Pound Emporium has decided to conduct completely two dissimilar tuition actions for the two subdivisions individually (Callahan 2012). Third phase: conniving the Training Strategy The Corporation One Pound Emporium has intended a well affectionate tuition scheme for the production department workforce and the workers. The major aim of this program is how the production can easily run in a proper as well as cost effective manner so that the company can easily witness the fast growth (BPP Learning Media 2010). Apart from the production department, the company has designed an effective lecture method and there the adopted plans of marketing will be demonstrated to the employees, marketing staffs and the agents with the help of a power point projection. Dodge et al. (2012) have said that in designing the training strategy of the One Pound Emporium, the company is required to consider the budget as well as the effectiveness of the training events. Fourth Stage: Implementation of the Training Program At last, the group One Pound Emporium would implement both the training programs in due date and the due time for the betterment of the employees of the company. B. On job training methods takes into account different three types of approaches like Coaching, mentoring and job rotation. These three are highly important and this makes sure the transfer of proper learning takes place. Moreover, these help to improve the business in several aspects (Carberry and Cross 2015). Faulkner et al. (2012) have said that coaching is a one to one training session and mentoring focuses on the development of the attitude among the employees. Job rotation is the procedure of education the employees of the organization by rotating them through a variety of the related jobs (Foot And Hook 2008). It can be said that rotation not only makes a human being well familiar with different types of job. Therefore, these three are highly important for any of the organizations to focus on the on job training approach to enhance the business growth. One Pound Opium has nationally 30 stores and the it is expected that the half day training program as well as the on job training methods would enhance the performance of the employees in case of providing services to the customers. The motto of the company is to concentrate on customer care first and thus training methods are expected to motivate and develop the employee presentation (Taylor 2010). If the customers get good service from the employees who face customers, the growth of business will be high and the company will have more number of new customers (Torrington,Taylor And Hall 2011). C. I. Galinha and Pais-Ribeiro (2012) have opined that learning is solely associated with the wide concepts of knowledge, skills behaviors along with the principles and several predilections. Therefore, learning can be defined as acquiring these above-mentioned things or adjusting as well as reinforcing the preceding attainment of these things. On the other hand, Mathews (2012) has described learning as an important process of 3Ws, i.e. What, How and Why. Therefore, it can be easily said that the entire process of learning is not a sudden happening incident; rather this is the result of the consistent as well as a gradual process (Wilton 2011). It can be said that the human being has an all-purpose propensity for knowledge, and this can be prompted. However, it is important to mention that the mind and the prior knowledge here play one of the significant roles in the entire learning (Fulgosi-Masnjak, Masnjak and Lakovnik 2012). From several ways, a person acquires new knowledge along with different skills, etiquette, preferences and values through different ways and styles. Therefore, it can be easily said that the subject that deals with the particular ways of learning is called leaning theories, and there are several theories of learning. In this part, some controversies are observed, as some have said that the learning is a result of the active engagement and some other have argued that learning is not a personal matter, rather this might be considered as one of the social phenomenon and people learn from the social exposure. Therefore, it can be said that the learning theories are the conceptual framework that demonstrates how a new information or skill are required (Galinha and Pais-Ribeiro 2012). In this regards, many people have stated that many experts have shared their views about learning. Among the pioneers of the learning theories, David Kolb is one of the prominent persons who have advocated a particular type of the learning style. Apart from Kolb, Peter Honey and Alan Mumford have described some other different leaning styles. In this part, it is important to discuss the comparison between two famous learning styles (MacDonald, Kreutz and Mitchell 2012). Kolbs Learning Style: As per the viewpoint shared by David Kolb is that every person tends to follow the four learning styles in the entire learning process that is depended on the learning-cycle, and this series is composed of 4 important phases. Kolb has said that every person learn throughout this cyclic procedure, and the knowledge process can be one of these subsequent stages (Marchington and Wilkinson 2012). 1. Diverging Learning Style These individual who falls under this category can look at the things from several viewpoints, and they are comparatively sensitive. Kolb has called this particular method as deviating, as these people carry out improved in the circumstances. This category can be defined as feeling and watching, i.e. CE/RO (Marchington and Wilkinson 2012). 2. Assimilating Learning Style In this style, it is believed that ideas and concepts are more significant than the people and this learning style prefer a concise and logical approach. Kolb has stated that the people of this knowledge style are comparatively less purposeful on the people and more focused in ideas and the nonfigurative notions. This is explained as watching and thinking, i.e. AC/RO. 3. Converging Learning Style Kolb has stated that the people with congregating learning style can resolve the problems and utilize their learning to find out the solutions to the sensible questions. This approach is expressed as doing and thinking, i.e. AC/AE. 4. ccommodating Learning Style The people under this category are hands on and rely on instinct rather than reason. These people use the examination of other persons and favor to take a sensible and experimental advance. This style is expressed as doing and feeling, i.e. CE/AE (Mathews 2012). Honey and Mumfords Style: On the contrary to Kolb, Honey and Mumford have opined four completely different style of learning. 1. Activists Learning Style These people like to be familiar new things, and they are not concerned concerning the result and like to face new subjects on the sensible grounds (Marchington and Wilkinson 2012). 2. Reflectors Learning Style These people are highly careful persons and owing to the presence of their carefulness, they tend to gather most important and derivative data from several likely basis and after this stage, they analyze them and arrive at to a conclusion (Nansen et al. 2012). 3. Theorist Learning Style The persons who go to this specific education style like to devise several new theories through new experimentation and annotations. These people think that commonsensical derivation is a good method to resolve a problem (Ridge 2011.). 4. Pragmatics Learning Style Rose (2012) has opined that pragmatics like to try-out several new ideas as well as theories that were never before been in the actual world implementations. These people believe the trouble along with the differences as new confront that have to be faced and overcome. Therefore, it can be stated that in the realistic world, dissimilar people follow different learning styles, all these learning styles have their possess explanation, and as per justification, they are applied in the specified field to obtain good results. Practical knowledge related to different learning style is highly critical to any event designing. As a learning event designer, it is highly important to think about the reality first and based on the situation, the learning style is determined (Rose 2012). II. Based on the budget and the requirement, the company One Pound Emporium needs to choose the training methods. It is assumed that the company needs to talk about the compensation and shortcomings of the several different training methods used by the company. In this part, the pros and cons of the training and development method along with the on job trainings have been mentioned here. The company One Pound Emporium has arranged a half-day training program for the employees as well as the on job trainings for them. The advantages and disadvantages of these training and development program have been stated here. Pros Cons Trainers have the first hand experience Employers can select mentor-trainee pairs that is a good fit Trainees learn the job and at the same time earn wages Training program can teach skills as requested by the employers Incumbent workers can learn several latest technologies as per the requirement (Torrington,Taylor And Hall 2011) This can often slow down the productivity of the company The training program requires investment, if the company do not have proper training infrastructure The training providers often lack in the practical experience (Wilton 2011) The employers are required to pay union wages and this might hamper the company geowth 1. The classroom or Lecture: This is one of the common training methods where the trainees are placed in a classroom, and the instructors provide lectures through white board or power point presentation. The major advantage of this method is that a company can arrange this method for a huge number of workers at a time and price effectual manner. On the contrary, the disadvantage of this method is that this method can be applied for a tuition of the sensible manufacture work, as there is no span for the laboratory demonstration and sometimes this might be repetitive. 2. Demonstration or Practical Training Method: Rose (2012) has mentioned that the training method demands a practical field where the knowledge are demonstrated to the trainee. The advantage of this approach is that it is suitable for the production department of the selected company. Rose (2012) has said that this specific training method cannot be applied where the decision making is based on practical reality such as management level, and this is one of the disadvantages of this approach (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher 2012). 3. Case Study Method: It had been found that this training method is applicable to those places where a situation is given to the trainees, and then they are asked to solve the problem based on some assumptions. Therefore, the advantage of this approach is that this approach can be applied to the management level to enhance the decision-making potentiality of the managers. On the other hand, the prime disadvantage of this approach is that this method has no effect in the subordinate level and most importantly; this cannot be applied to the employee stage of the corporation as well (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher 2012). 4. Mixed Training Method: Rose (2012) has opined that mixed training method is one of the attractive training methods that accumulate all probable training means under one umbrella. This tends to train as well as expand the workers. This process can be applied at different levels, and this is one of the advantages of this approach. This method is costly and time-consuming, and these are the disadvantages of this approach. III. Rose (2012) has said that evaluation of the training program is important, as it measure the effectiveness of the training program. The HR team of the company takes this practical step. It is important to analyze the following steps, and these are as follows: 1. Satisfaction and the reaction of the participants This is the immediate assessment of the trainer, and it has been found that the One Pound Emporium has found the good reaction from both the training sessions. 2. Acquisition of Knowledge Most of the employees in the organization have participated, and their gesture was good. 3. Behavioural Application This is considered as the aftermath of the training program, and the behavior of the trainees have changed, and the improvement is eye-catching enough. 4. Measurable Business Improvement After 3 weeks of the conduction of the training program, the company has achieved a notable business growth (Rose 2012). At the completion of the entire study, it can be said that the decision taken by the Human Resource Managers of the company using several dissimilar means was helpful, and this helped to get an absolute image of tuition impact on the One Pound Emporium. References Armstrong, M. (2009), A Handbook of Human Resource Practice Management, 11th ed. Kogan Page Baxter, J., Gray, M., Hand, K. and Hayes, A., 2013. Parental joblessness, financial disadvantage and the wellbeing of parents and children. Canberra: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Beardwell, J and Claydon, T (2010), Human Resource Management A Contemporary Approach, 6th ed. Prentice Hall Boxall. P and Purcell, J. (2011), Strategy and Human Resource Management, 3rd ed. Palgrave Macmillan BPP Learning Media (2010), Human Resource Management, BPP BPP Learning Media (2013), Human Resources Development and Employee Relations, BPP Bradford, H., 2012. The Well-being of Children under Three. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Callahan, J., 2012. Journal Journey Update: Working Towards Digitizing and Diversifying. Human Resource Development Review, 11(3), pp.267-268. Callahan, J., 2012. Occupy . . . HRD? Expanding Our Vision of the Field Into Nontraditional Spaces. Human Resource Development Review, 11(2), pp.135-137. Carberry, R and Cross, C, (2015), Human Resources Development: A Concise Introduction, Palgrave Macmillan Dodge, R., Daly, A., Huyton, J. and Sanders, L., 2012. The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), pp.222-235. Faulkner, S., Wood, L., Ivery, P. and Donovan, R., 2012. It Is Not Just Music and Rhythm ... Evaluation of a Drumming-Based Intervention to Improve the Social Wellbeing of Alienated Youth. Children Australia, 37(01), pp.31-39. Faulkner, S., Wood, L., Ivery, P. and Donovan, R., 2012. It Is Not Just Music and Rhythm ... Evaluation of a Drumming-Based Intervention to Improve the Social Wellbeing of Alienated Youth. Children Australia, 37(01), pp.31-39. Foot, M. And Hook, C. (2008), Introducing Human Resource Management, 5th ed. FT/Prentice Hall Fulgosi-Masnjak, R., Masnjak, M. and Lakovnik, V., 2012. Perceived Subjective Wellbeing of Parents of Children with Special Needs. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 13(1-2). Galinha, I. and Pais-Ribeiro, J., 2012. Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(1), pp.34-53. MacDonald, R., Kreutz, G. and Mitchell, L., 2012. Music, health, and wellbeing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Marchington, M. and Wilkinson, A., 2012. Human resource management at work. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Mathews, G., 2012. Happiness, culture, and context. International Journal of Wellbeing, pp.299-312. Nansen, B., Chakraborty, K., Gibbs, L., MacDougall, C. and Vetere, F., 2012. Children and Digital Wellbeing in Australia: Online regulation, conduct and competence. Journal of Children and Media, 6(2), pp.237-254. RIDGE, T., 2011. Supporting Children? The Impact of Child Support Policies on Children's Wellbeing in the UK and Australia. J. Soc. Pol., 34(1), pp.121-142. Rose, R., 2012. Life story therapy with traumatized children. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Sanfilippo, M., Neubourg, C. and Martorano, B., 2011 The impact of social protection on children. Solley, H. and Lyttle, C., 2012. Health-related behaviours and wellbeing in children aged 1013 years. Br J School Nurs, 7(7), pp.333-338. Taylor, S. (2010), Resourcing and Talent Management, 5th ed. CIPD Torrington, D., Taylor, S. And Hall, L. (2011), Human Resource Management, 8th ed. FT/Prentice Hall Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C., 2012. Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Walker, P. and John, M., 2012. From public health to wellbeing. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Wilton, N. (2011), An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Sage Publications

Managing organizational change

Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy

Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy The Dual Brand Strategy by Qantas Airways to create low cost carrier JetStar airways Introduction Qantas airways Limited is the national carrier for Australia with its headquarters located in Sydney. The main hub of the carrier is at Sydney airport. It is well known for being the largest in Australia as well as being the oldest to have continuously operated in the world. Qantas operates Jetstar, a low cost carrier which has proven to be a great success. The airline has succeeded in the operation of this two differing airline brands which have been termed to be very strong yet very distinct.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Qantas is among the worlds most prominent full service airlines. Having operated for over 90 years now, it has been grossly profitable and also has been growing at good rate with improvements on its premium standards in its product s and also services. At the same time Jetstar has grown over the few years and has been in operation from domestic flights in Australia to flights within intra-Asia and now across the Asia pacific. The airline has been garnering a lot of profit and it is also among the best low cost airlines in the world (Jetstar Airways 2006). Strategies The main competitor of Qantas domestically is virgin blue with its brand of â€Å"a new world carrier†. The chief advantage of Qantas is that it has been able to meet the needs of its entire customer base in a profitable manner. The main reason as to why the airline decided to engage in the dual band strategy varies in aspects. Australian aviation industry is the most liberalized in the world today. Some airlines started the low cost airline business earlier on in the year 2000. The companies in this case are virgin blue and impulse. This was after other entrants had tried to get into the market prior to them. This called for a dire need to protect the position of the company in the market, such that it could be able to maintain a competitive position in the market. This was fallowed by the acquiring of Impulse just before it was declared bankrupt, thus having an upper hand over the competitors. After the collapse of Ansett and the halting of international travel owing to the September 11th attacks, the company increased its domestic base and the customer number increased as well. At this time, the competitors being still small and the market share being so large, maintenance of the domestic share proved a bit expensive to Qantas thus the need to go low cost came into the limelight. Jetstar came up to compete with Qantas in low cost routes that would also have an impact on the profits of Qantas. The biggest issue was to surpass the notion that this was bound to fail, as it had been so in other prior competitors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first p aper with 15% OFF Learn More In the company’s strategy, Jetstar was based on principles which were learnt from the past failures of the other carriers. In the first place, the airline was bound to have different industrial arrangements and management of operations. In this way, the operation of the airline was veered off the full service boards. This was supposed to be a totally low cost carrier and not a bridge between the two, as was the case of Australian airlines. At this stage, the company went ahead to introduce a domestic price which was 15% less than that of virgin blue and an international price 20% less than the cheapest competitor (Gregg 2007). Efficiency in this case was enhanced through the simplification of products and overheads through the use of overheads and also products. Structures in the workplace were established which would be able to suit the operation of the new carrier. These structures were on the industrial relations, pilot rates an d also the hiring basis of the employees. The other strategy was optimization of the group returns other than a collaboration of the two airlines. In this case, there was maintenance of the group oversight of both airlines and a subsequent network of the two which would in turn optimize the group returns. To avoid the low cost airline interfering with the parent airline, a special committee was established to coordinate the operations of the former. If there were to be any differences in the opinions of the two airlines, the subject was left to the top individuals. The competition between the two airlines has give place for the two airlines to be responsible for setting of their prices based on their own grounds (Rochfort 2009). Another strategy was a continued investment on products and services. Qantas being the core of the group has been vested with much interest having successfully been ranked among the best airlines in the world. It thus has been continuously supported with cre dible investment on quality of service to the personnel. This has made the airline to enjoy over 50 percent of the domestic market share, and has an upper hand over its competitor, virgin blue, by surpassing it with over 35 percent premiums. In the international field, the strategy has worked well in that it was able to make a good start by making over $3 million within the first few months. This has though been met with opposition by those who see it as a way of demeaning conditions posed by Qantas (Simpliflying 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Qantas Airways Dual Brand Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Challenges At the same time, the company has faced some challenges in the market. A new company, Tiger has emerged, virgin has adjusted its product and made new introductions, more low cost models which are long haul are emerging, privatization of airports and expansion of hub carriers. This can only be controlled by being flexible like transitioning some routes to a lower cost, switching domestic and also the international capacity and being completely low fare through Jetstar (Warne 2006). Risks Some of the risks that the company is bound to encounter include the prospective low earnings. This is mainly due to the uncertainty in the cost of fuel and also an increase in the capital expenditure. This however has been supported by the dual system and the strength in the liquidity of the company which keeps it with an upper hand as compared to its chief competitors. The other risk is the increase in competition from some of the key routes. The timing of its recovery is also uncertain, thus making it more risky. The effective deployment of Jetstar to some of the New Zealand and Japan routes go hand in hand with the maintenance of its risk profile. This gives it the advantage of having maximum profits in cyclic lows. This has been effective in the way Jetstar has grown to be a leadi ng flight in these leisure routes (Standards and Poor’s 2010). Importance of Jetstar The focus on Jetstar is more important in that it has and will help the company to maintain its lead in the market shares, both in the domestic and in the international arena. This will enhance an effective competition in cost and thus the Asian leisure travel will have overly grown. With this factor being successful as it is deemed to be, earnings for Qantas will improve in the near term which will be advantageous to it in case the business travel remains stagnant. References Gregg, P. (2007) World Low Cost Airline Congress 2007. Available at: qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/worldLowCostAirlineC ongress2007.pdf. Jetstar Airways (2006) Jetstar move to single brand and distribution approach to support growth in Asia. Available at: jetstar.com/pdf/news/20060726d.pdf. Rochfort, S. (2009) Qantas revs up Jetstar expansion. Available at: smh.com.au/business/qantas-revs-up-jetstar-expansio n- 20091125-jrsr.html. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Simpliflying (2010) Australia’s Qantas Airways – the world’s most agile airline brand? Available at: http://simpliflying.com/2010/australias-qantas-airways-the-worlds-most-agile-airline-brand/ Standards and Poor’s (2010) Qantas Airways Ltd. Available at: standardandpoors.com/ratings/articles/en/us/?assetID=124519 3628501. Warne, D. (2006) Qantas to finally offer inflight broadband. Available at: http://apcmag.com/qantas_to_finally_offer_inflight_broadband.htm.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Business Plan - Essay Example Not to forget, the nearby Town Park, which is visited by several people for picnics and relaxation, the restaurant will come in handy for such. To counter stiff competition from adjacent restaurants, I will ensure pocket friendly service dissemination. Financially, I estimate to have a starting capital of $ 40, 000. I already have $ 10,000 and hoping to get the rest from you. I am sure to get an annual profit of $ 20,000 thus no problem in repaying the loan. Red Chilly is a yet to be new eating parlor in town. It is well certain that it will offer the best quality of meals. To add to that, it will also provide a source of refreshment zone, particularly in the afternoons and evenings after school and work. With the need arising for decongesting major eating and meeting zones in town, we have decided to set up a new zone with better quality services destined at creating a home kitchen in town at pocket-friendly price. Food will be prepared in the kitchen behind the dining hall on a daily basis so as to enhance quality and freshness of food. To show its versatility, the premise will also offer both takeaways and sit in places for meal consumption. Red Chilly also has the health of its customers at hand. This is so by intending to provide free fruit salad that will accompany every meal. The eating parlor is strategically placed so as to accommodate many office workers at their respective lunch breaks and also school attending individuals at lunch break too. A site down the alley not frequented by heavy traffic and commotion has been set aside for the premise. On a third floor building making use of all the passing by breeze, customers will be able to enjoy a full ray of the city by catching a glimpse of the outside through the serene blue-tinted glass wall. The company will be located in Finlay Town, Yorkshire County. Red Chilly will have a manager and several members of staff.

Comparison of eastern philosphies confucianism and daoism Essay

Comparison of eastern philosphies confucianism and daoism - Essay Example This is achieved through a series of rituals. The key concepts in the philosophy are five, Ren or humanism which is the basic attribute followed by justice, wisdom, faithfulness and ritual action. Rituals are required for developing a just society and in turn contribute to being a humane person. The philosophy accepts natural proclivities of humans and thus a need is felt to cultivate appropriate practices through rituals. There is also due consideration for physical conduct which is affected by emotions, passions and desires for cultivating the mind. Thus there is a need for reflection and study to nurture the philosophical contemplation required of the follower of Confucianism which in turn develops public spirit. Dao is the road, the path, the way. Daoism is a holistic view of life which does not foster practices to influence forces of reality and reorder life, which is seen in Confucianism. Daoism deems that ritualistic practice disturbs the natural flow. Daoism instead emphasizes on practice and developing experience. Change is reality and there is thus no need to reorder it. However this does not entail a philosophy of nothingness. It only implies that there should be no disturbance of nature by humans and natural actions should allow transformation through effortless activation.

Three Supermarkets Namely Tesco Dunnes Store And Aldi Business Essay

Three Supermarkets Namely Tesco Dunnes Store And Aldi Business Essay Several decades ago, the manufacture industry occupied the most important status in the business world. Service industry merely existed as an accessorial industry for the manufacture industry. Product and service were recognised as two diverse aspects. In other words, product quality and service quality were two disparate measures of performance. Moreover, customer service was ignored for a long time and was identified in a very narrow meaning. Nevertheless, nowadays, according to the expanding and diversified economy international economy, customer service can be the critically crucial factor between an organisations success and failure. Most organisations are providing excellent and distinguished customer service in order to retain existing customers and attract more potential customers. Consequently, the organisation acquires the competitive edge among businesses in final. However, if the organisation handles customer service in a disastrous way it can damage the businesss operations. Customers in the current trends incessantly demand to improved levels of service. Therefore, the issue of customer service training, particularly in a retail environment has improved greatly over the past decades. Retail companies spend massive efforts, time, money and other resources into training programmes as a result of treating customer service as a key factor for companies. Although the importance of customer service quality is well-known, through the existing literature, there are relatively few studies which argue if customer service training impacts customer satisfaction in the supermarket industry. The purpose of this study intends to address the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer service training programmes. Intense competition and market saturation are forcing supermarkets to access new revenue streams worldwide. Supermarkets are expanding their array of products through mass customization, developing private label lines, embracing internet and home delivery services and increasing focus on customer loyalty programs (Agnese, 2003; Blisard et al. 2002). Market saturation, extreme competition and shifts in demographics teamed with the recent economic slump restrict players in the supermarket industry to limited external market growth. In an attempt to deal with diverse markets (the first major business issue), supermarket retailers are forced to customize various operating strategies expanding the array of services and products, increasing loyalty of profitable customers, generating profits through private labelling, and reaching customers through new delivery methods like internet shopping and home delivery. Supermarket retailers attempt the most effort to satisfy customer needs in orde r to maintain the existing customers and attract potential customers. Customer service and training can not be ignored by supermarkets. This research will investigate three supermarkets, namely, TESCO, Dunnes Store and ALDI. TESCO Tesco plc is a UK-based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain. It is the largest British retailer by both global sales and domestic market share, with profits exceeding  £3  billion. It is currently the third largest global retailer based on revenue, behind Wal-Mart and Frances Carrefour, but second largest based on profit, ahead of Carrefour. Dunnes Store The company, which is privately owned, is intensely proud of the fact that it is an Irish company. The guiding principles of the company are to provide its customers with a choice of good quality products at competitive prices. These principles are encapsulated in the words Better Value for which Dunnes Stores has become famous. 15,000 people operate throughout the Dunnes Stores Group within a vast array of different and diverse positions. ALDI ALDI, short for ALbrecht DIscount, is a discount supermarket chain based in Germany. They are still Germanys richest men, earning an estimated à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.5 billion per year. Cost-cutting strategies save Aldi money and the general price level in Aldi stores shows that most of these savings are passed directly on to consumers. Employees are expected to alternate between checking customers out and store maintenance, such that all employees focus on that during peak hours. Conversely when customer traffic is low, only one employee will check people out while the rest perform other duties required to run the store (pallet removal/insertion, cleaning etc). 1.2 Research Question Research question is foundation stone for the research. Bryman and Bell (2003) point out that formulation of the research questions are crucial because they will: guide your literature search; guide your decisions about the kind of research design to employ; guide your decisions about what data to collect and from whom; guide your analysis of your data guide your writing up of your data; stop you from going off in unnecessary directions. The researcher intent to answer the following research question: Does customer service training impact on customer satisfaction levels in the supermarket industry? In addition, the research question should always generate new insights into a subject matter. Based on the best of the researchers knowledge, no studies have been carried out on the relationship between customer service training and customer satisfaction in the supermarket industry. The findings of this research will be valuable information to those involved in the areas of customer satisfaction, customer service training and supermarket. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 overview of supermarket industry In recent years, the customer base in much of the world has been declining or stabilizing and market demographics have shifted considerably (Agnese, 2003). The rate of population growth has decreased across the board worldwide over the past 30 years. In low-income countries it declined from 2.0 percent in 2000 to 1.9 percent in 2003 then to 1.8 percent 2004 and finally 1.8 percent in 2005. In middle income countries population growth remained stable at 0.9 percent in 2000, 2003, 2004, and 2005. In high-income countries it declined from 0.8 percent in 2000 to 0.7 percent in 2003, 0.7 percent in 2004, and 0.7 percent in 2005 (World Development Indicators Database, April 2006, www.worldbank.org), Todays woman bears, on average, less than three children down from five in the 1960s (World Bank, 2003). This trend is expected to continue until at least 2010 (World Bank, 2003).The world economy is also struggling. Annual GDP has been stagnant the past five years in countries of all income le vels. During 2000-2005, annual GDP was between $0.85 and 1.4 trillion for low. The supermarket industry is well saturated as a result of urbanization and many existing supermarkets in residential neighborhoods. The industries within the USA, Canada, Europe and Japan are highly mature (Table I). Growth opportunities, which traditionally came from opening new stores, are now found mainly in same store growth, complimentary markets and acquisitions. Saturation has given rise to intense competition and required many grocers to address new types of competitive threats (restaurants, home shopping delivery, etc.) and rethink their traditional business model (Stadler, 2002). 2.2. Overview of Customer Satisfaction 2.2.1 Signification of Customer Satisfaction The service sector has developed considerably during the past 20 years, so far, it occupies close to three-quarters of GDP, three-quarters of employment. It leads to increase competition and customer demand for higher quality service and products have forced organisations to both examine the levels of service they presently provide and increase the quality of service provided to customers. Furthermore, customer satisfaction is one of the most important factors of customer service. Satisfied customers who stay with a company for a long period tend to impact the profitability of the company in several ways. First, their repeat business generates income for the company. Second, because of the expenditure involved in advertising, promotion, and start-up activities, acquiring new customers can cost much more than retaining existing ones. Third, loyal (and satisfied) customers often spread the good news and recommend the services to several others (Anderson and Sullivan, 1990; Reicheld and Sasser, 1990; Zeithaml et al., 1996). High customer satisfaction has many benefits for the company, such as increased consumer loyalty, enhanced firm reputation, reduced price elasticises, lower costs of future transactions, and higher employee efficiency (Anderson et al., 1994; Fornell, 1992; Swanson and Kelley, 2001). On the other hand, dissatisfied customers may take their businesses elsewhere and disparage the firm. The success of Aldi and Lidl, both German-owned, coincided with the recession that put a squeeze on household budgets. The stores adopt a pile it high, sell it cheap philosophy, and high customer Satisfaction while the number of staff per store is a fraction of mainstream operators. They both charge for plastic bags, and do not tend to offer big brands. The success of some budget supermarkets in our survey proves that savvy shoppers can make the most of their money without compromising on quality. (chief executive Peter Vicary-Smith)UK shoppers want the whole package great value for money, a wide range of quality products and a pleasant shopping environment. Its not rocket science, but those supermarkets that consistently get it wrong should beware shoppers will vote with their feet and take their business elsewhere. 2.2.2 Customer Satisfaction Theories In the past several decades, many definitions of customer satisfaction had been defined already. Customer satisfaction generally means customer reaction to the state of fulfilment, and customer judgment of the fulfilled state (Oliver, 1997). Brown (1992) defined customer satisfaction as: the state in which customer needs, wants and expectations throughout the product or services life are net or exceeded resulting in repeat purchase, loyalty and favourable worth-of mouth. Satisfaction is a persons feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectations (Kotler, 1997). And, Bitner and Zeithaml (2003) pointed out satisfaction as follows: The customers evaluation of a product or service in terms of whether that product or service has met their needs and expectations. Finally, throughout the literature researched, Kotler and Armstrong (2006) deem that customer satisfaction is an emotional attitude generated towards a product, resulting from the comparison of what was expected and what was received. Customers compare their expectations of a product or service with their perceptions of what they received. If perceptions meet or exceed expectations, the customer is generally satisfied. However, if expectations are not met, the customer is generally unsatisfied with the service. 2.2.3 Customer Satisfaction Model The customer satisfaction model from Kano (1984) is a quality management and marketing technique that can be used for measuring client happiness. Kanos model of customer satisfaction distinguishes six categories of quality attributes, from which the first three actually influence customer satisfaction (See Appendix 1): Basic Factors. (Dissatisfiers. Must have.) -The minimum requirements which will cause dissatisfaction if they are not fulfilled but do not cause customer satisfaction if they are fulfilled (or are exceeded). The customer regards these as prerequisites and takes these for granted. Basic factors establish a market entry threshold. Excitement Factors. (Satisfiers. Attractive.) The factors that increase customer satisfaction if delivered but do not cause dissatisfaction if they are not delivered. These factors surprise the customer and generate delight. Performance Factors. The factors that cause satisfaction if the performance is high and they cause dissatisfaction if the performance is low. Here, the attribute performance-overall satisfaction is linear and symmetric. Typically these factors are directly connected to customers explicit needs and desires and a company should try to be competitive here. The price for which customer is willing to pay for a product is closely tied to performance attributes. The additional three attributes which Kano (1984) mentions are: Indifferent attributes. The customer does not care about this feature. Questionable attributes. It is unclear whether this attribute is expected by the customer. Reverse attributes. The reverse of this product feature was expected by the customer. These last three attributes are often of little or no consequence to the customer, and do not factor into consumer decisions. An example of this type of attribute is a plate listing part numbers can be found under the hood on many vehicles for use by repairpersons. 2.2.4 Factors that influence customer satisfaction According to Wong and Sohal (2003), the greater the degree to which a consumer experiences satisfaction with a retailer, the greater the probability the consumer will revisit the retailer. In order to acquire a good understanding of customer satisfaction and distinguish which features compose successful customer satisfaction in the retail environment, the researcher has identified the following findings. Customer aspect Customer satisfaction is strongly influenced by customer characteristics such as variety seeking, age and income. Demographics variables such as education and age have also been found to be good predictors of the level of customer satisfaction (Homburg and Giering, 2001). Satisfied customers tend to use a service more often than those not satisfied (Bolton and Lemon, 1999), they present stronger repurchase intentions, and they recommend the service to their acquaintances (Zeithaml et al, 1996). It has been suggested that satisfaction has a direct effect on repurchase intentions (Reichled and Teal, 1996). Employee aspect Personnel affect the satisfaction level of the occasional, probably due to the aid they require from supermarket staff as they do not know the store layout and/or facilities. Wang and Netemeyer (2004) pointed out that employees competence and abilities are not the only important factors, but also the employees friendliness and general presentation play a particularly central role. Especially against a background of strong price orientation by some retailers and the increasing homogeneity of products and assortments, service quality is a very promising means of creating a distinctive retailer brand, not only for specialty retailers. Service quality aspect In todays world of intense competition, the key to sustainable competitive advantage lies in delivering high quality service that will in turn result in satisfied customers. Quality is one dimension on which satisfaction is based ¼Ã…’one group of researchers upholds that satisfaction is antecedent to service quality. Another group of researchers who believe that service quality is antecedent to satisfaction argue that since service quality is a cognitive evaluation, a positive service quality perception can lead to satisfaction, which may in turn lead to favourable behavioural intentions (Brady and Robertson, 2001). A third perspective maintains that there is a non-recursive relationship between service quality and satisfaction (Taylor and Cronin, 1994). For the service industry in general, the authors divided service quality into two categories: technical quality, primarily focused on what consumers actually receive from the service department, and functional quality, focusing on the process of rendering service. Emotions aspect Liljander and Strandvil (1997) observed that affective reports are more highly predictive in consumer situations involving services than those involving physical products. Darden and Babin (1994), for example, discuss the importance of emotions in retailing, and point out the need to include affective factors when studying store image and purchase behaviour. They contend that, in order to account fully for a stores retail personality, both its functional and emotional meaning should be assessed. Both factors influence the customers perceived store image and his/her purchase behaviour. In a small empirical study, the authors found evidence of the usefulness of affective quality (items taken from Russell and Pratt, 1980) as a means of explaining consumers mental representations of retail stores. Store aspect Whites (1996) meta-analysis of manufacturing performance defines a set of variables that influence customer satisfaction including quality, delivery speed, delivery dependability, cost, flexibility, and innovation. Gagliano and Hathcote (1994) divide service in retailing into store service (e.g. returns/exchanges, after sales service) and sales service (helpfulness, friendliness, employees competence). Darian et al. (2005) state that a retailer should avoid poor service levels for any service activity. Furthermore, one also had to bear in mind that customers develop specific preferences for specific brands. Regardless whether such preferences are habitual or demonstrate loyalty to the brand (Gounaris and Stahakopoulos, 2004), weaken the consumers actual involvement with the stores atmosphere and aesthetics since they enter the supermarket with a predetermined choice plan. 2.2.5 Argument for customer satisfaction Roger and Rolf (2002) suggest that customer satisfaction with service industry probably decrease its significance through the developed world because most people do not care it any more. In other words, the trouble is, it may be dead but it will not lie down. In Roger and Rolf (2002) view, line managers primarily struggle to meet their financial targets since this is what most of them believe dictates their bonuses and future promotion and their ability to move to other jobs. Further, for such managers, customers are potential assets that need to be managed and leveraged. So, customer relationship management is key, not customer satisfaction (Srivastava et al., 1998). Customer satisfaction is losing its status even for marketers. It is not helping them in achieving this aim such as understanding their marketplace so that they can continually present key customers with better value offerings than the competition. There are three main reasons to cause it. Firstly, it is very difficult to measure; secondly, even when measured, it often has little relation to actual purchase behaviour; thirdly, new technology is opening up both the actual purchasing activities and the possible reasons behind them. 2.3 Overview of Training 2.3.1 Signification of Training Every organisations desire to complete their goals and to survive in an increasingly competitive world must utilise effectively and efficiently its most valuable asset- the skills of its employees. According to Ferketish and Hayden (1992), the human resource development (HRD) challenge for the next decade will be to assure a continuous improvement culture by keeping the system aligned with continuous improvement strategies. Bramley (2003) argues that training implies learning to do something and, when it is successful, it results in things being done differently. The author believes that training should be a planned process rather than an accidental one. To be more specific, Barlow and Mail (2000) suggest that receiving service is both a personal and psychological experience. There is a psychological and physical closeness between employees and customers in the service encounter, effective training done not only make supermarket sales process more efficient, also provide satisfaction to customer, which helps retain their loyalty to companys brand, or become an opinion leader to spread in other consumers about supermarkets reputation. In addition, there is no quality control in the customer contact; service providers work alone and without supervision, fail to train service providers may lead to the consequence that dissatisfied customers may take their business elsewhere and disparage the firm. 2.3.2 Customer Service Training The definition of training, Heery and Noon (2001) introduce the concept of competence, explaining that training is the process of changing the skills, attitudes, and knowledge of employees with the purpose of achieving or improving their levels of competence. In other words, training is that through a designed process, management is able to change, improve employees working skill, attitude, and knowledge to suit their current position or fit higher level organisational hierarchy in thecontext of career development. Refer to the retailing industry, customer service training can be seen as a grass roots program, which provides employees the knowledge and skill of serving customers. There is no surprise that Customer service training is considered as one of the most vital factors to improve the level of employees capability when dealing with customers in retailing industry by market researchers and organisation management. The very common customer training is all the activities performed to support the customer during the supplier-customer exchange, including all presale, sale, and post-sale activities (Markland, Vickery, and Davis, 1995), in order to maximize customer satisfaction. High level of customer satisfaction makes customers more dependable on retailers or suppliers, as a result, organisations build strong relationship with their customers, strength customer loyalty, which Innis and La Londe (1994) suggest that can be considered as a effective competitive advantage over rival firms. Todays business world, skilled labour is seen as one of the most valuable assets, human resource managers have to effectively utilise training programme, where can be crucia l to companys success. For instance, all new employees at Disneyland and Walt Disney World must attend Disney University, where they undergo a special training program for Disney employees. However, many companies do not always support training programmes. They may be indirectly unsupportive of training programmes by not covering for that employee while they are off-the-job on a training programme. Inappropriate training programme is another issue, especially under global financial crisis, most companies are suffering from difficulties, the situation requires firms consider cost more carefully. Formal training course is usually a big expense which management willing to cut. Furthermore, the management may concentrate on areas of training which increase productivity or efficiency, but not customer service. Moreover, the customer service programmes may emphasise areas which customers do not consider important. For example, the training may focus on how to smile, how to respond to a certain situation, rather than providing service providers with skills to enable them to foresee customer needs and wants and to be able to respond in a very personal and customised manner to t hat customer needs or wants (Coulter et al., 1989) 2.3.3 Training Process Reid and Barrington (2000) use the Training and Development National Standards to design the training process. The purpose of the standards is stated as being to develop human potential to assist organisations and individuals to achieve their objective. The following is the comprehensive lists that break down the training process into its main functional areas and sub-areas. Identify training and development needs Identify organisational training and development requirements Identify learning requirements of individuals Plan and design training and development Design training and development strategies for organisations Design training and development programmes Design and produce learning materials Deliver training and development Manage the implementation of training and development Facilitate learning with individuals and groups Review progress and assess achievement Monitor and review progress Assess individual achievement Assess individual achievement of competence Continuously improve the effectiveness of training and development Evaluate the effectiveness of training and development within an organisation Evaluate the effectiveness of training and development programmes Improve own training and development practice Contribute to advances and developments 2.3.4 Customer Service Training Dimensions Based on theory of Lin and Darling (1997), the customer service training process should be learned as a multidimensional issue. They segment the training process by three dimensions: 1. an analytical dimension of tasks, technique, procedure and system. 2. a behavioural dimension, concerned with attitudes, perceptions, and motivation. 3. and an organisational learning dimension, concerned with management style, corporate culture, structure and information flows. The first dimension, analytical dimension is the most widely recognised, it means that management breaks down service tasks into several trainable steps. Typical topics include such major headings as the customer and market knowledge, and knowledge of the selling process (Anderson, Hair and Bush, 1992; Ingram 1992). The training may include high service element is often made more effective by including words, photographs, drawings, video tapes, computer-based training. The purples of the analytical dimension are to concentrate the relationship between service providers and customers, based on the analytical results of service input and output. Moreover, quality and technical issues are also the concerns of management in analytical dimension. Above individual employees level is the organisational behaviour training, which is not any written rules or skill or knowledge that can be learned by any course, but the way of doing daily business of certain organisations. Positive and effective organisation behaviour is a valuable advantage for retailing business, which can strongly support on job training new employees and improve levels of customer service. Therefore, the third dimension also known as organisational learning was introduced by Nevis et al. (1995) it defines as the capacity or processes within an organisation to maintain or improve performance based on experience. According to information processing perspective (Garvin, 1993), organisational learning encompasses the acquisition, dissemination, interpretation, and storage of information that results in the modification of the potential range of behaviours to reflect new knowledge and insights organisations that are responsive to customers needs engage in organisati onal learning in a customer information context (Day, 1991). Moreover, Training should lead not only to the improvement of skills but also to change in the ways employees think and view their jobs and the company. 2.3.5 Customer Service Training Barriers Binshan and John (1997) point out three ancillary issues add complexity to training program implementation. These implementation issues involve operational barriers, managerial barriers, and cultural/structural barriers. The operational barriers focus on training technique and the roles of training officers. The training officers can play either the provider role or the change agent role. The provider has a generally accepted, although limited, role in offering training expertise geared toward the maintenance and development of organisational performance, but it does not extend to organisational change. On the other hand, the change agent is the classic organisation development consultant and performs a role that is the antithesis of the provider role. As the title implies, the change agent views the customer service function as giving rise to organisational problems and is concerned with helping others to resolve these problems through changing the organisational culture. Thus, the message of the change agent is always clear: Change is good, change is essential, and change is here to stay. 2.36 Efficient consumer response (ECR) and logistics systems structure Supermarket chains are dealing with their unique positions by implementing a common strategy: ECR (Kurt Salmon Associates, 1993). This strategy is becoming central to shaping logistical trends within the supermarket industry (the third major business issue). ECR focuses on the customer as the driving force of the system. It involves evaluating inefficiencies throughout the entire supply chain to create improvements on every level. ECR was started in the USA in 1992 in response to low growth, high competition, and consumer pressure. The movement spread to Europe in 1994, Asia in 1996, Latin America in 1998 and is now starting in India. The system requires cooperation and information sharing between members of the supply chain, and more commonly involves cooperation between previously unrelated suppliers. In many cases, ECR strategies now include competitors. Although suppliers do not always agree, efforts pay off for all parties (Corsten and Kumar, 2003). Grocery stores in the USA los e $6 billion in sales per year, $200,000 per average supermarket, due to out-of-stock products in the top 25 grocery categories (Stadler, 2002). Approximately,  £2.5 billion a year in the UK is lost because a product is not on the shelf when a customer is looking to buy it (Rowat, 2006). When products are on the shelves, customers get better service, supermarkets increase profitability and sales and suppliers reduce transportation costs and increase sales. Although born in the USA, the ECR movement in Europe gained momentum to allow the European chains to quickly outperform their US counterparts, primarily due to the lack of space, issues related to dealing closely with 14 countries and transportation costs. American chains often have warehouses that rival the shop floor in square footage. This space provides plenty of room for safety stock. European supermarkets often lack back rooms, requiring that inventory systems be extremely efficient and accurate to avoid stock-outs without requiring any extra inventory. The same factors allow the US to achieve profitability with an average of $510,000 in sales and 40,000-50,000 SKUs per store, while European supermarkets must have higher sales with only 20,000-35,000 SKUs (Fallon, 1998). In 2005, it was reported that grocery retailers in the UK were now keeping an average of 11.3 days worth of stock compared with 12.8 days in 2003 (Food Manufacture, 2004). 2.4 The Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Training Because of customers are vital to business growth and success, so customer service, especially satisfying customer is the key to achieve the business growth and success. How to train staffs to satisfy customers that is big challenge need to face by organisation. The important factor is the measurement of customer satisfaction as fourth factor. As before mentioned, the lack of market research identified in the Irish survey, few managers represent dissatisfaction with the results of market research but an even greater number did not attempt to carry it out. To respond complaint from customer that is a method to access customer needs and wants. However, this may be a motivating

Television is a Hallucination :: television TV

Television is only possible because this disintegration, reconfiguration, contraction (i.e., compression), and extension of visual sensory experience occurs during dreams. Accordingly, both television viewing and dreams may be said to include (or involve) reduced ability to think, anxiety, and increased distractibility. Television thus compels attention, as it is compelled in the dream, but it is an unnatural and hallucinatory experience. Hence, television is addictive. Similar to the visual experience while dreaming, television compels attention to the relative exclusion of other experience. Television reduces consciousness and results in a flattening of the visual experience as a result of combining waking visual experience with relatively unconscious visual experience. Television involves the experience of what is less animate, for it involves a significant reduction in (or loss of) visual experience. This disintegration of the visual experience (as in the dream) also results in a n emotional disintegration (i.e., anxiety). That television may be so described (and even possible) is hard to imagine, but this is consistent with the fact that it took so very many different minds (and thoughts) of genius in order to make the relatively unconscious visual experience of the dream conscious. Since the thinking that is involved in making the experience of television possible is so enormously difficult, it becomes difficult to think while partaking of that experience. Television may be seen as an accelerated form or experience of art, thereby making someone less wary (or less anxious) initially, but less creative and more anxious (as time passes) as the advance of the self becomes unsustainable. The experience (or effects) of television demonstrates the interactive nature of being and experience, for, in the dream, there is also a reduction in the totality (or extensiveness) of experience. Thought involves a relative reduction in the range and extensiveness of feeling. In keeping with this, dreams make thought more like sensory experience in general. Accordingly, both thought and also the range and extensiveness of feeling are proportionately reduced in the dream. (This reduction in the range and extensiveness of feeling during dreams is consistent with the fact that the experience of smell very rarely occurs therein.) Since there is a proportionate reduction of both thought and feeling during dreams, the experience of the body is generally (or significantly) lacking, for thought is fundamentally rendered more like sensory experience in general. Thoughts and emotions are differentiated feelings. By involving the mid-range of feeling between thought and sense, dreams make thought more like sensory experience in general.

John Locke on Property Essay

Natural reason suggests that human beings have the right to preserve themselves the moment they are born. An individual can utilize everything that he sees around him to preserve himself. He can drink if he is thirsty; he can eat if he is hungry. Nature, which God gave to the world, is the individual’s source of materials for his preservation. Locke emphasized that the world was given to the whole humanity by God. This, for Locke, is nothing but common knowledge (Locke 11). Locke questions how an individual can actually own a thing. He finds it difficult to understand why, when God has given the Earth to His children, men would search for things on earth and label it as their own. Since it is difficult to find a part of the Earth which an individual can own and call it his â€Å"property†, then the only easy way to solve this dilemma is to have the world owned by a universal monarch. This, then, would only be possible upon the belief that Adam owns the world because god gave it to him. As Adam has the world, it also means that his heirs own the world, too (Locke 11). Since this clearly is not the case in today’s world and in today’s society, Locke promises that he will explain how an individual claim a part of what God has given mankind, and that, with no single express compact of all people (Locke 11). As God has given mankind a whole world, it also means that along with this, He has given mankind a reason to use this world to their convenience and best advantage. The world are has everything that a man needs to survive. It has air, water, food and shelter. It contains that things that an individual needs to live a comfortable life. Whatever is found in this world all help in supporting the life of an individual (Locke 13). Although the food found on earth, including the animals or the predators that feed on them, are all qualified as properties of mankind (since nature produces all them), the fact alone that they are included as part of the earth means that even the predators are necessary for the survival of mankind – even when these beasts harm the quality of living of an individual. There will always be a way for a man to know how a harmful beast may help him. Whatever way this is, he has yet to figure out, but the fact remains that a harmful beast is indeed beneficial since it is a part of the world that God gave him (Locke 14). For Locke, the meat and the fruit which an individual feeds on are both considered occupants of the earth. No other individual will have the right to own that particular meat or particular fruit before it can support his life. No one has a right to something if the benefits are yet undiscovered (Ishay 116). The earth is indeed common to all the people living in it – to all its occupants. Then again, each individual has a property of his own. He is the only person who can practice his rights on that certain thing since he is the only person owning it. His hands do the working. His body does the laboring. Because of all these, whatever he produces rightfully becomes his property. Whatever thing nature has provided, which he, in turn, takes away from the state, becomes his property, as soon as he mixes his labor with it. Whatever it is that he takes away from the state which was placed there because of nature eliminates the right of other men, as long as he was able to own it through his hardships and labor (Ishay 116). Labor is indeed an important factor in this case, since labor is something that mankind cannot question. Labor is the unquestionable property of the man who is laboring. The man laboring is the only man who has the right to his products (Ishay 116). Whoever is being supported and benefited by the fruits of his labor has definitely appropriated these fruits for him. The question of Locke now, is when exactly did this fruit became his own? If, for example, an individual harvests the apple that came from the tree he himself planted, when exactly did he own the apple? Was it from the time when he digested the apple, since it is believed that as he is nourished by the fruit of his labor, he can start calling this his own? Or was it from the time when he picked the apples from the tree (Ishay 117)? What marks the difference between the common man and himself is labor. Labor defines what nature cannot. If an individual makes use of what nature has given him, and he, in turn, starts to benefit from it, then he owns the fruit. The man is able to own things as he extends what a nature can do to support his life. Here is where the concept of private right comes in (Ishay 118). Another dilemma is realized from this perspective, since will one not have a right to that apple which he appropriated for himself if mankind did not allow him to? Does he need the consent of other men to make the apple his property? Would this be considered robbery, since whatever is found on this earth is a property of all men (Boaz 123)? Then again, John Locke argued that consent from other men is not even necessary in the first place. If an individual always waits for a go-signal from other men so that he can start owning and eating an apple, then he will end up being starved. What is common in mankind, or common in â€Å"commoners†, is the act of taking something away from this world to make it his property. Nature leaves something in the state, and commoners remove it out from there. As an individual removes it from the state, it starts to be his property. Without such property, then the individual will be of no use to the world. Taking something which an individual may consider his property is not dependent on whether or not commoners will allow him to (Boaz 123). The grass is in the lands to be eaten by a horse. A servant sees a turf which he may cut. All people can see ores, and all of them have right to the meat. An individual can do everything that he can, and thus exhibit acts of labor, to produce something that can benefit him. As a product of his labor, his prize is to own it as its property. He does not need to consult other men; more so, need their consent. The moment an individual removes something from the state is already a manifestation of a labor being enacted. There is a struggle, a difficulty, and an action taking place as an individual takes something away from the state. From this point exactly, an individual owns a thing (Boaz 123). John Locke’s main argument when he said that property is prior to the political state; he was referring to the law of reason. This law is what makes the deer a proper of an Indian, only if this Indian went his way into killing the deer. Once he exerted effort and enacted labor into killing the deer, then he has every right to eat the deer. The deer used to be a property of the world, and of everyone. Killing it is also a right of every person. Then again, whoever has the reason to go first and bestow his energy, labor and power to kill the deer, is the same person who owns the meat. Reason is what defines a person’s property, according to John Locke. Whatever it is that is found in this earth is a property of everyone, and everyone has the right to owning it. Then, again, labor, when fueled with reason, is what makes and what allows a person to own something and start calling it his property (Boaz 124). For John Locke, it is effortless to imagine and think how labor can start and prescribe a person’s property, considering the fact and the supposed challenge that may be faced since this property used to be a property of all mankind, and this property of mankind is coming from nature – the nature itself being an entity that belongs to everyone. The limits of a property are defined by how we spend it. For John Locke, arguments and conflicts regarding property and owndership may be eliminated if we see things his way (Boaz 125). Through John Locke’s view in property, he suggests that convenience and right go along together. He has his right which is his reason enough to employ his labor on a property common to mankind. Once he goes through challenges to own it to his convenience, then there should be no room left for conflict and quarrel. Whoever went his way to experience challenges just to reap what he saw, has every right to own the fruits of his labor (Boaz 126). Works Cited Boaz, David. The Libertarian Reader: Classic and Contemporary Readings from Lao-tzu to Milton Friedman. Free Press, 1998. Ishay, Micheline. The Human Rights Reader: Major Political Essays, Speeches, and Documents from Ancient Times to the Present. CRC Press, 2007. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

Obama Surname Meaning and Origin †Gorski Genealogy

Obama is an ancient Kenyan surname, found most frequently among the Luo, the third largest ethnic group in Kenya. The surname  is believed to be patronymic in origin, meaning descendant of Obama. The given name Obama, in turn, derived from the root word  obam, meaning â€Å"to lean or bend.†Ã‚   Traditional African given names  often reflect the circumstances at the time of the birth. Thus, the given name Obama may mean a child born bent, such as with a crooked spine or limbs, or possibly refers to a breech birth. Obama is also a Japanese word meaning little beach. Surname Origin: African Surname Variations: OBAM, OBAMMA, OOBAMA, OBAMA, AOBAMA,   Where do People with the Surname Obama Live? WorldNames publicprofiler  indicates that  individuals with the Obama last name are found in greatest numbers in the country of Japan, especially in the Okinawa and Kyushu regions. However, this site does not include data from Africa. Forebears.co.uk shows the highest distribution of the Obama surname to be in Cameroon, with the highest density in Equatorial Guinea, where it is the 10th most common surname. The name is next most common in Kenya, followed by Spain and France. Famous People with the Surname Obama Barack Hussein Obama - 44th president of the United States Genealogy Resources for the Surname Obama Ancestry of Barack ObamaLearn about the deep African and American roots of Barack Obama. His African roots stretch back for generations in Kenya, while his American roots connect to Jefferson Davis. FamilySearch - OBAMA GenealogyAccess over 35,000 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Obama surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. RootsWeb Mailing List: Obama SurnameJoin, search or browse this free mailing list devoted to the discussion and sharing of information regarding the Obama surname and variations. DistantCousin.com - OBAMA Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Obama. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings. Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993. Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow. Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins