Fitting Quotations

Fitting Quotations Fitting Quotations Fitting Quotations By Maeve Maddox Incorporating direct quotations effectively is an important writing skill. Here is an example of an ill-fitting quotation in an article about media doctor Mehmet Oz who was recently the subject of a Senate hearing. It’s from an article by Terrence McCoy in The Washington Post (print and digital): â€Å"I recognize that oftentimes they don’t have the scientific muster to present as fact,† Oz said at a U.S. Senate hearing, adding that he â€Å"personally believes in the items I talk about in my show.† One obvious problem with this example is the use of pronouns that don’t go together. Not so obvious is the fact that the quotation differs from what Oz actually said. Quotation marks represent a covenant between writer and reader, a promise that the words enclosed by them are exactly what the person being quoted said. Here’s the original response to Senator McCaskill’s question: I actually do personally believe in the items I talk about in the show. In quoting Oz’s original statement, the writer has fallen into a crack between direct and indirect quotation. The word he is outside the quoted material, but the writer (or editor) has added an -s to believe to make it agree with he. Without noticing that the pronoun I does not fit with the preceding he, the writer adds a my that was not in the original quotation. The writer could have reported the words as an indirect quotation, putting only part of it in quotation marks: he â€Å"personally believes† in the products he talks about in his show. Or, he could have introduced the quotation with a colon: â€Å"I recognize that oftentimes they don’t have the scientific muster to present as fact,† Oz said at a U.S. Senate hearing, adding: â€Å"I actually do personally believe in the items I talk about in the show.† A quotation should not be dropped into an essay or a news article without adequate introduction. It should agree grammatically with surrounding text, reproduce the exact words that were said, and it should not stand alone. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesStory Writing 101Grammatical Case in English

7 Vehicular Violations of Proper English

7 Vehicular Violations of Proper English 7 Vehicular Violations of Proper English 7 Vehicular Violations of Proper English By Mark Nichol Advertising in the form of signage printed on vehicles is a road hazard when exasperating errors and extraneous elements in the mobile messaging distract motorists. Here are photographs of seven moving violations, with commentary. The motto painted on this truck not only commits a quintuple-overkill foul but also is flatly incorrect. The worst infraction, beyond the extraneous quotation marks framing the message, appears to be the placement for emphasis of an additional set of quotation marks around only. (If one wishes to employ one set of quotation marks inside another, the interior ones in American English, at least should be single; in British English, the order is reversed. But here, neither set is necessary.) But that’s still not enough the word is also placed at a jaunty, pseudo-italicized angle, underlined, and printed in a different font and color than the rest of the slogan. Just one or two forms of accentuation would have been sufficient. The worst error, however, is that the company is not the â€Å"only† overhead-door professional (note the insertion of a missing hyphen in the previous phrase); it may be the sole provider of overhead-door services in its home city, but then the motto should close with â€Å"in town.† But why not simply say, without quotation marks or any other emphasis, â€Å"Our overhead-door service rises above the rest!† Was that motto already taken? This sign sports merely mild mistakes, but they’re insistently irritating, like a small burr in one’s sock. Note the extra letter spaces between the (unnecessary) open and close quotation marks bracketing â€Å"We’re Affordable.† The hyphen in â€Å"Clean-Outs† (which should be â€Å"Cleanouts†) also hangs in midair, as do the hyphens separating the elements of the phone number. There is so much wrong with this superficially satisfying vehicle signage. First, too many fonts compete with each other. Then, the letters in the slogan â€Å"Quality Is Our Main Ingredient† are too widely spread, while those in the next line are too compact and then the elements of the phone number are nearly segregated into different time zones. The middle word in the phrase after Flik, strictly speaking, shouldn’t start with an uppercase letter; of is one of the â€Å"little words† that doesn’t merit capitalization in display type. (However, capitalizing it is a defensible style choice.) But the inexcusable error is the misspelling of member. Nobody at the sign shop and nobody at the client company noticed that? Really? Busy, busy, busy. Too many colors, too many fonts, too many words. The key crime, however, is the common error of mistakenly styling a plural construction as if it were a plural one. This sign implies that love flowers belong to Mom. The message, however, should read, â€Å"Moms Love Flowers.† No job is too small, but sometimes words are to should be too. This asininely assertive window panel proves that everyone has the right to appear stupid, too. The oddly inconsistent swelling treatment of the letters in each line notice how the characters in the lines beginning with everyone and to grow and recede in size from left to right, but the words in the third and fourth lines are uniformly sized might distract viewers from the unfortunate fact that but is amusingly misspelled and the wrong spelling of you’re is employed. Write English correctly, or . . . . This fortunately ephemeral expression is head-slappingly hilarious. One hopes (and presumes) that the â€Å"sineor† girl who sprayed this signage a couple of years ago assuming she graduated is not employed in the wordsmithing world. These images are from the websites Apostrophe Abuse, English Fail Blog, Funnies.com, The Great Typo Hunt, and The â€Å"Blog† of â€Å"Unnecessary† Quotation Marks. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Telling a Good Poem from a Bad One50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

Industrialization in development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrialization in development - Essay Example n the Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain in the 18th century and spread to other parts of Europe and North America in the early 19th century {Stearns, Peter N., and John H. Hinshaw,1996). Industrialization had occurred by the end of the 19th century in some southern European countries and in Japan, and during the 20th century, particularly after World War II (1939-1945), in eastern Asia. In many developing nations, industrialization started even later during the 80’s and 90’s.Today, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom are among the worlds major industrialized countries. Of the late China, Singapore, and many other European nations have also joined this list. Along with these many prospective developing countries like India, Brazil and South Africa have also made great strides. The  process  of  industrialization usually includes a movement from rural to urban living and a shift from home to factory production. Increased mechanization in agriculture generally leads to increased agricultural productivity and enough food for large urban populations. Agricultural productivity growth is necessary for modern industrial growth to become self-sustaining. Other conditions are also necessary for industrialization to occur, and the next section describes three differing theories on this process that were developed during the 20th century. Industrialization was not a process of smaller period, but it was slow phase change of the economy and the manufacturing methods. It led to the mechanization of the process. The production of goods was decentralized, giving small groups of workers a sense of active participation in and control over their work. Costs were high, however, and the volume of production was relatively low. Industrialization greatly heightened output and made key goods, sometimes called commodities, more accessible. Industrialization has a great impact on modern economy. It made rich more richer and poor still poorer, due to

Life Expectancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Expectancy - Essay Example Statistics reveal that life expectancy at birth, presently, has increased so much that on an average, it â€Å"exceeds 79 years† across the OECD, with a â€Å"nine year gap† between Japan and Turkey, the countries with highest and lowest life expectancy respectively (OECD, 2011, p. 78). This difference in the level of increase in life expectancy in developed and developing countries is a result of the varied factors and conditions present in both categories of countries. However, extensive studies that have been conducted over the past several years have identified that medical innovation, with respect to advancements in medicines and treatment, is the main reason behind increase in life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. Contrary to popular notion that growth in income level or income inequality affects life expectancy, OECD social indicators have evidenced that between the â€Å"mid-80s and mid-2000s,† there is â€Å"no relationship† between increasing life expectancy and income growth or between â€Å"rising† life expectancy and income inequality changes (OECD, 2011, p. 79). Furthermore, lower â€Å"infant mortality rates† and the fact of older people being able to live â€Å"longer† have characterized the increase in life expectancy, and this has been possible only due to the various medical innovations that took place over the past decades. Thus, this underlines the fact that medical innovation is directly responsible for the increase in life expectancy not only by decreasing infant mortality rates, but also by prolonging life of aged people. For instance, death rates arising from â€Å"coronary heart diseases† in the US have declined by â€Å"three-fou rths† since the 1960s, cancer survival rate has increased from â€Å"49%† to â€Å"67%† and deaths from HIV/AIDS have decreased by an astounding â€Å"80%† (Lilly USA, LLC, 2012, p. 2). However, in order to

Collective Action Problem Essay Example for Free

Collective Action Problem Essay Problem Statement: Competitors Coca- cola and Pepsi-cola have to decide whether or not to offer discount pricing. Matrix:-    Pepsi cola    Coca- cola Pricing Strategy Discount price Regular price Discount price $4b,   $2b $8b,   $1b Regular price $2b,   $5b $6b,   $4b * b means billion    Description: Both companies can choose one outcome by offering a discount price or a regular price. The payoff for each firm depends upon the pricing strategies of both firms.     For coca- cola the worst case scenario is $2 billion payoff when it offers regular prices while Pepsi-Cola charges discount prices. Similarly, for Pepsi- Cola the worst case scenario is $1 billion. Solution: A dilemma is involved because each party would like to have maximum benefits by offering the discount and hoping that the other doesn’t.   The only secure means both companies have of avoiding meager profits is to offer discount prices. The ideal scenario would have been when both were offering regular price as they would have earned $6 billion (Coca- cola) and $4 billion (Pepsi-Cola). But, it’s difficult to trust each other and thus, they both go for the conservative strategy and settle down for profits of $4 billion and $2 billion for Coca-cola and Pepsi-Cola respectively.

My Amazing Grandfather (Grandpa) :: Personal Narrative Profile Essays

Personal Narrative- My Amazing Grandpa I don't have a lot of fantastic memories of childhood. There were no spectacular family adventures, no unique family projects that taught some sort of moral lesson, no out-of-the-ordinary holidays. We ate family meals together, but most of the time the children and adults lived in different worlds. The kids went to school, did homework, and played; the adults worked. I was lucky, though. When I wanted a little of both worlds, I could always turn to Grandpa. I remember vividly the weekends at his house. Sitting on his lap, going to wrestling matches, walking down the street or through a park--these were things I did with Grandpa. I wasn't just a kid to him: I was his granddaughter, and I was special. He was special too. Grandpa was a giant of a man. He stood six feet two inches and weighed over 250 pounds. He moved with purpose and carried himself with respect. Tom was a proud man, a good man, and all who knew him said so. Even if you didn't know him, you would notice his inner strength, his patience, his self-esteem. Grandpa wasn't a scholar. In fact, he didn't even make it through grade school. He was born at the turn of the century, and educating black men wasn't a necessity then. He went to work when he was sixteen, and for the next forty years he worked in a coal factory. Then he worked in a steel mill for another twenty years. He stopped working only because the steel mill closed and he was too old to find another job. When I was with Grandpa, I could be a child and yet see things through grown-up eyes. "You see that tree, Cookie," he would say. "That tree was here before those houses. God put that tree there; man put the houses. Which is more beautiful?" If I climbed a tree, he didn't say, "Get down." He said, "Climb it right so you won't fall." "You appreciate what you work for," he used to say. He taught that lesson well. He never let me win any game; he taught me to win by learning to lose.

Deontological ethics Essay

Attempting to explain the differences and similarities of virtue theory, utilitarianism and deontological is basically from my own understanding of each. I am having much difficulty reading the materials as well as sitting at this computer for any length of time. I believe my reading visual is deteriorating at a rapid pace because of the straining to my eyes. Virtue ethics focuses on a person’s character and morals. This person will always try to do what is right because he was taught at an early age and by someone he loves and wants to always please by doing the right thing, regardless of the consequences. Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of your actions. What I mean by that is that if you steal something and not get caught, there are no consequences. No one knows that you stole and therefore you do not have to answer to anyone but yourself. Deontology focuses on the outcome of the act whether right or wrong. The person steals food from a grocery store because his children are hungry and he does not have the money to buy food. Although it is his responsibility to feed his children, stealing is clearly wrong. The consequences did not matter at that particular time; he did what he felt he had to do. Recently there was an incident on my route where a woman called in to my job and conveyed to my superior that I was talking about Jesus on the bus and she was offended. I was called in and reprimanded and told not to speak about religion on the bus. My response to her was, is that right? Quite a few of my regular passengers know that I am a minister and talk to me regularly about the Bible, Jesus and the Christian faith. Based on the virtue ethics, I was taught to speak the word of God in season and out of season, when it is time or easy and when it is not a good time or hard. This is my first and most important job and regardless of the consequences, I will continue to preach the word and pray for anyone who desires to hear it. I will always try to please Jesus in whatever I do.

Cola Wars Study

Cola Wars: PepsiCo Dr. Michelle Biavatti 13 de octubre de 2009 Omar Sandoval Pina 119084 Mikel Novella Salazar 116656 Marisol Perez Chow 118631 Jorge Villanueva Almanza 121027 Gerardo Rafael Nomara Parra 119176 Indice Resumen Ejecutivo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 *Identificacion de la industria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦*†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Analisis Externo General†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Modelo de las Cinco Fuerzas de Porter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Ciclo de v ida de la industria y rentabilidad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Amenazas y Oportunidades†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Recursos y capacidades †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Analisis VRIO†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 Analisis FODA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Modelo Hambrick & Fredrickson †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Conclusiones y propuesta de estrategia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 Pros y contras de la estrategia propuesta†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Resumen Ejecutivo. Dentro de este trabajo, analizaremos la situacion actual de la industria de las bebidas carbonatadas. Esta industria se ha visto amenazada principalemente por un aumento en la demanda de bebidas no carbonatadas, aunque tambien la rivalidad dentro de la industria es una amenaza importante que tomaremos en consideracion para la aplicacion de nuestra estrategia. Comenzaremos tomando en cuenta la industria en el que se lleva a cabo la competencia entre firmas establecidas, los recursos de Pepsi para afrontar las amenazas y aprovechar las oportunidades que se presentan en dicha industria. Con esta informacion analizaremos las fuerzas, las oportunidades, amenazas y debilidades a las que se enfrenta Pepsi y propondremos una estrategia para neutralizar y convertir en fortalezas las debilidades y las amenazas. Las estrategias aqui propuestas estan basadas en el modelo propuesto por Hambrick y Fredrickson, orientadas a las arenas en las que se desempena la empresa, los pasos a seguir para la aplicacion de estas, los diferenciadores que ayudaran a la empresa a alcanzar la ventaja competitiva, y los vehiculos para alcanzarla. Tambien tomaremos en consideracion la logica economica detras de las estrategias planteadas para lograr obtener altos dividendos. Despues de realizar un estudio del entorno de la industria, detectamos los canales de distribucion como una fortaleza que Pepsi posee y que puede aprovechar para neutralizar la amenaza de productos sustitutos por medio del posicionamiento de las bebidas no carbonatadas de la marca. Al utilizar esta estrategia, Pepsi conservara su participacion en el mercado, conservando a Pepsi-Cola como producto estandarte de la marca. Aplicar esta estrategia le costara a Pepsi poco dinero y una cantidad considerable de tiempo y esfurezo. Tambien Pepsi puede diversificar su publicidad de acuerdo a las areas geograficas a las que se quiere enfocar y el tipo de bebidas (carbonatadas o no carbonatadas) que se prefieren en dichas areas. Industria- Pepsi se encuentra en la industria de las bebidas carbonatadas y a lo largo del tiempo ha ido penetrando el mercado de las no carbonatadas y frituras. Evaluating Firms External Environment 1. – Specific international events. Pepsi logro entrar al mercado europeo despues de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ya que la Union Sovietica y los arabes excluyeron a Coca Cola 2. – Demographic trends: En 1963, Pepsi lanzo la compana Pepsi Generation, que se enfoca a la gente joven y joven de espiritu, utilizando imagenes como autos deportivos, motocicletas, helicopteros, un slogan penetrante asi imagenes de celebridades como Britney Spears. El aumento de la poblacion en paises como China conlleva un aumento en el rendimiento de Pepsi. 3. – Legal and Political Conditions: En las operaciones internacionales, Pepsi sufrio diversos obstaculos debido a la inestabilidad y regulaciones politicas, controles de precios, restricciones publicitarias, control de importacion de productos. Para enfrentar estas adversidades, en India, por ejemplo, Pepsi concedio derechos de exclusividad en la distribucion de sus productos al hombre mas rico en dicho pais. En 1941 la corte declino a favor de Pepsi despues de la demanda que Coca Cola impuso en relacion a una infraccionsobre la marca registrada de Coca. En 1971 la Comision Federal de Comercio inicio acciones en contra de 8 corporaciones acusandolos de tener territorios exclusivos otorgados a empresas embotelladoras, lo cual obstaculizo la competencia entre firmas. 4. – Technological Change: Los cambios en la tecnologia dieron a Pepsi la posibilidad de producir por medio de la osmosis inversa, en lugar de extraccion de agua de manantial. La inversion por parte de Coca y Pepsi en fuentes de sodas para una mayor distribucion conllevo una publicidad pagada, mayor presencia de marca y mayores rendimientos. El cambio de Coca, imitado por Pepsi tres anos despues, de utilizar jarabe como insumo en lugar de azucar, conllevo una reduccion de los costos para la produccion de bebidas de Cola. 5. – Cultural Trends: Americanos tomaban mas soda que cualquier otra bebida. Consumidores empezaron a cambiar sus gustos, de sodas normales a sodas dieteticas, tes y otras a base de no carbonatos, lo que produjo que Pepsi expandiera su gama de productos. 6. – Economic Climate: La Gran Depresion del 29 llevo a Pepsi a la bancarrota. Con esto, Pepsi redujo el precio de la presentacion de 12 onzas a 5 centavos, siendo este el mismo precio que Coca cobraba por su presentacion de 6. 5 onzas. Esto permitio a Pepsi su recuperacion. Analisis de las cinco fuerzas de Porter Rivalidad en la industra, firmas establecidas {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} El nivel de rivalidad entre las firmas establecidas es alto. Poder de negociacion de los compradores. text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} El poder de negociacion de compradores es bajo Poder de negociacion de los proveedores. {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} El poder de negociacion de los proveedores es bajo. Amenaza de Futuros Competidores. {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} La amenaza de futuros competidores en baja. Amenaza de sustitutos. text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} La amenaza de sustitutos es alta Complementos El caso no provee informacion acerca de productos complementarios. Ciclo de vidad de la industria y rentabilidad La industria se encuentra en una etapa de madurez y es poco rentable para los futuros competidores. Para las marcas ya establecidas es rentable porque las barreras de entrada son altas, la amenaza de sustitutos es alta, el poder de negociacion de los proveedores es bajo y el poder de negociacion de los clientes tambien es bajo, a pesar de que la amenaza de sustitutos es alta. Amenazas, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas Oportunidades O1. En su momento, la disminucion de la demanda de Coca Cola al cambiar la formula. (no fue aprovechada en su momento) O2. El escandalo de Coca Cola debido a que muchas personas se enfermaron por las bebidas y por discrimacion racial. (no aprovecharon este escandalo) O3. Existian mercados emergentes O4 Warehouse delivery system de marcas libres representaba mas costos para clientes O5 Venta a restaurantes por medio de fuente de sodas era extremadamente rentable O6 Explotar el mercado familiar O7 Explotar el mercado juvenil O9 Producir sus propias latas reduciria sus costos Amenazas A1. Coca Cola fue pionero en los enfriadores, dispensadores de maquinas de refrescos y maquinitas de refrescos. A2. La creciente popularidad de productos sustitutos como te, cafe, leche, jugos, y otras bebidas no carbonatadas (cambio de preferencias) A3. El exito e introduccion de Diet Coke A4. Coca Cola regresa a su formula original con el nombre de Coke Classic (no hizo nada al respecto) A5. Coca Cola dominaba sobre Europa occidental, America Latina A6. Coca Cola era el mas grande productor de bebidas carbonatadas a nivel internacional. A7. El crecimiento en Estados Unidos de las ventas de Cola parecen haberse estancado. A8 Demanda de productos que no eran cola A9 master bottler contract de coca cola le permite establecer precios y condiciones de venta A10 Amenaza por parte de la comision federal de comercio por practicas anti competitivas en 1971 A11 Gran Depresion A12 Obstaculos en las operaciones internacionales A13 Coca utilizo jarabe en lugar de azucar A14 Coca invirtio 100 mdd mas en publicidad A15 Coca introdujo 11 nuevos productos 1980 A16 La publicidad de coca cola orientada a un estilo de vida en los consumidores A17 Coca Cola establece el franchising system A18 Canales de distribucion ineficientes Fortalezas F1. â€Å"Direct Store Door† delivery F2. el master bottling agreement le concedio a pepsi el poder de determiner los precios terminos y condiciones de la compra de materia prima. F3. El congreso concedio derechos de exclusividad territorial por medio del â€Å"Soft Drink Interbrand Competition Act† en 1980 F4. Pepsi adquiere Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, y Kentucky Fried Chicken y despues de venderlos conserva los derechos de distribucion y ademas conserva frito lay. F5. Baja de Precios debido a la gran depresion F6. Diversidad en sabores de pepsi a partir de los 60 F7. Introduccion de la Botella Tamano familiar de 26 onzas F8. pepsi generation F9. Pepsi invierte en Campanas publicitarias ( como pepsi challenge, pepsi generation y celebridades ) F10. Tres anos despues, pepsi utiliza tambien jarabe. F11. Pepsi introdujo 13 nuevos productos F12Produccion de bebidas no carbonatadas F13 Pepsi Bottling System F14 Utilizo estrategias de mercado para aprovechar los mercados emergentes F15 Pepsi esta en la industria de las sodas desde 1893. F16 Pepsi imito la tecnologia de enfriadores y dispensadores de sodas F17 Sistemas novedosos para distribucion en nuevos mercados ( India ) Debilidades D1. Mientras coca cola tenia el 65% de las ganancias en las ventas de fuentes de sodas, pepsi unicamente tenia el 21%. D2. Al integrarse hacia atras aumentan los costos de produccion D3 Introdujo la pepsi de dieta en 1964 pero no alcanzo el nivel de popularidad D4 Ineficiencia en la explotacion de clientes insatisfechos de Coca Cola Recuros de la empresa y modelo VRIO Analisis FODA Modelo de Hambrick & Fredrickson {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Vehicles {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Differentiators {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Staging {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Economic Logic 10. {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Conclusiones y estrategia planteada Pros de la estrategia planteada {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Contras de la estrategia planteada {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item}

44 Landlocked Countries That Dont Touch an Ocean

44 Landlocked Countries That Don't Touch an Ocean Approximately one-fifth of the worlds countries are landlocked, meaning they have no access to the oceans. There are 44 landlocked countries that do not have direct access to an ocean or ocean-accessible sea (such as the Mediterranean Sea). Why Is Being Landlocked an Issue? While a country such as Switzerland has thrived despite its lack of access to the worlds oceans, being landlocked has many disadvantages. Some landlocked countries rank among the poorest in the world. Some of the issues of being landlocked include: Lack of access to fishing and oceanic food sourcesHigh transportation and transit costs because of a lack of access to ports and world shipping operationsGeopolitical vulnerabilities from dependence on neighboring countries for access to world markets and natural resourcesMilitary limitations because of the lack of naval options What Continents Have No Landlocked-Countries? North America has no landlocked countries, and Australia is rather obviously not landlocked. Within the United States, over half of the 50 states are landlocked with no direct access to the worlds oceans. Many states, however, do have water access to the oceans via the Hudson Bay, Chesapeake Bay, or Mississippi River. Landlocked Countries in South America South America has just two landlocked countries: Bolivia and Paraguay. Landlocked Countries in Europe Europe has 14 landlocked countries: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Vatican City. Landlocked Countries in Africa Africa has 16 landlocked countries: Botswana, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, South Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Lesotho is unusual in that it is landlocked by just one country (South Africa). Landlocked Countries in Asia Asia has 12 landlocked countries: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Laos, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Note that several of the countries in western Asia border the landlocked Caspian Sea, a feature that does open some transit and trade opportunities. Disputed Regions that Are Landlocked Four regions that are not fully recognized as independent countries are landlocked: Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria. What Are the Two Doubly-Landlocked Countries? There are two, special, landlocked countries that are known as doubly-landlocked countries, completely surrounded by other landlocked countries. The two doubly-landlocked countries are Uzbekistan (surrounded by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) and Liechtenstein (surrounded by Austria and Switzerland). What Is the Largest Landlocked Country? Kazakhstan is the worlds ninth largest country but is the worlds largest landlocked country. Its 1.03 million square miles (2.67 million km2) and is bordered by Russia, China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the landlocked Caspian Sea. What Are the Most Recently Added Landlocked Countries? The most recent addition to the list of landlocked countries is South Sudan which gained independence in 2011. Serbia is also a recent addition to the list of landlocked countries. The country formerly had access to the Adriatic Sea, but when Montenegro became an independent country in 2006, Serbia lost its ocean access. Edited by Allen Grove.

Saltpeter or Potassium Nitrate Facts

Saltpeter or Potassium Nitrate Facts Saltpeter is a common chemical, used for many products and science projects. Heres a look at what exactly saltpeter is. Saltpeter is the natural mineral source of the chemical potassium nitrate, KNO3. Depending on where you live, it may be spelled saltpetre  rather than saltpeter. Before systematic naming of chemicals, saltpeter was called nitrate of potash. It has also been called Chinese salt or Chinese snow. In addition to KNO3, the compounds sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), and magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) are also sometimes referred to as saltpeter. Pure saltpeter or potassium nitrate is a white crystalline solid, usually encountered as a powder. Most potassium nitrate is produced using a chemical reaction of nitric acid and potassium salts, but bat guano was an important historical natural source. Potassium nitrate was isolated from guano by soaking it in water, filtering it, and harvesting the pure crystals that grow. It may be produced in a similar manner from urine or manure. Uses of Saltpeter Saltpeter is a common food preservative and additive, fertilizer, and oxidizer for fireworks and rockets. It is one of the principal ingredients in gunpowder. Potassium nitrate is used to treat asthma and in topical formulations for sensitive teeth. It was once a popular medication for lowering blood pressure. Saltpeter is a component of condensed aerosol fire suppression systems, salt bridges in electrochemistry, heat treatment of metals, and for thermal storage in power generators. Saltpeter and Male Libido Its a popular myth that saltpeter inhibits male libido. Rumors abound that saltpeter has been added to food in prison and military installations to curb sexual desire, but there is no evidence to support this has been done or would even work. Saltpeter and other nitrates have a long history of medical use, but it is toxic in high doses and can produce symptoms ranging from a mild headache and upset stomach to kidney damage and dangerously altered pressure. Sources: LeConte, Joseph (1862). Instructions for the Manufacture of Saltpeter. Columbia, S.C.: South Carolina Military Department. p. 14. Retrieved 4/9/2013. UK Food Standards Agency: Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers. Retrieved 3/9/2012. US Food and Drug Administration: Food Additives and Ingredients. Retrieved 3/9/2013. Snopes.com: The Saltpeter Principle. Retrieved 3/9/2013.

Qant - operation Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Qant - operation Management - Case Study Example The proper production planning assured the company to possess timely and effective availability of employees, equipments and materials so that the production objectives of it are meet successfully. Moreover, it also describes a detailed planning to the company regarding the ways of achieving the production goals and the potential time for achieving them (Prenhall, 2015). Contextually, discusses regarding the production plan in context to Cornwell Glass Company that would support the company to improve its production process. The forecasting system used by the company in the past year’s data for determining the long-term trends and seasonal factors. This assists the company to ascertain the increasing or decreasing demand of products based on which the company may take important production decisions. However, the company has provided the current data related to the increasing demand that would contribute much for forecasting a production plan for the upcoming year. In order to suffice the purpose of the case, three separate methods will be used for production scheduling. The best among the methods will be considered that will reflect lower cost to the company, which will ultimately lead to maximization of overall profit For the effectiveness in the production process of Cornwell Glass Company, it is very essential to implement the most effective production concept that would support the company to conduct most efficient utilization of the available resources in the production process (Pearson Education, 2010). The company for scheduling their production process may follow various concepts and strategies. Among these, the most significant production processes include Smooth Purchasing, Chasing Demand and Constant Regular Time followed by overtime and subcontracting (Prenhall, 2015) Smooth production is also referred as production leveling and it is one of the most important a well-known concept through which the manufacturing organizations improve

History The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History The World - Essay Example In this regard, it focuses on explaining morality in evolution stages. The emotion and morality document suggests that emotions play a role in the evolutionary stages of morality. Different human emotions either boost the development or the destruction of morality. The document highlighting empathy and morality makes formidable conclusions that all societies have rules and guidelines dictating morality. In short, this document’s point of view is the expected behaviors in reference to people in the society. According to William James, the purpose and morality document pays attention to efforts in trying to establish the role of morality in a society. It reviews the roles played by morality in shaping the world as a better place. The document defining morality refers to Charles Darwin’s contradicting statement that states that one cannot accurately determine the contents of morality. In contradiction, the document leaves out considerations of accurate data that reflects the choices between what is right from wrong. The evolution and morality document has an unreliable statement describing problems in natural selection that helps individuals and their offspring to adopt to moral issues in the tribe. An alternative to this statement is the fact that morality is a single element and the success of the tribe relates to the success of related tribes, in reference to Charles Darwin. The document linking emotions to morality sights an unreliable statement that states emotions help organisms in dealing with adverse changes in the environment. In contrast, a more useful statement to historians is the categorization of emotions and how they affect morality in humans. Some of the religious practices exercised in this document include the belief that man did not evolve on their own, but rather, through creation. Darwin’s theory proposes the evolution of man through various stages from fish and other beings